Which neurological disorder is characterized by muscle atrophy and eventual paralysis?

The neurological disorder characterized by muscle atrophy and eventual paralysis is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig's Disease. This condition primarily affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to a progressive degeneration of these cells. As motor neurons die, the brain loses its ability to initiate and control muscle movement, resulting in muscle weakness, atrophy, and ultimately paralysis.

The impact of ALS on voluntary muscle control means individuals may gradually lose their capacity to perform everyday tasks, such as walking and speaking, as the disease progresses. The uniqueness of ALS lies in its relentless advancement and the fact that cognitive function often remains intact until the later stages of the disease, distinguishing it from other neurological conditions.