Which infectious disease is characterized by inflammation of the parotid glands and has an incubation period of two to three weeks?

Mumps, also known as parotitis, is the infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the parotid glands, which are major salivary glands located near the jaw. The hallmark symptom of mumps is the swelling of these glands, often accompanied by pain and discomfort. The incubation period for mumps typically ranges from two to three weeks, which means that after being exposed to the virus, symptoms usually develop within this time frame.

The mumps virus is part of the paramyxovirus family and is known for its contagious nature, especially among unvaccinated individuals. Vaccination against mumps has significantly reduced its prevalence in many countries, but outbreaks can still occur, particularly in communities with low vaccination rates.

Understanding the specific features of mumps helps differentiate it from other diseases listed in the options. For example, rubella presents with a rash and mild fever but does not typically cause parotitis. Chickenpox is recognized for its distinctive itchy rash and blisters, while measles is known for its characteristic rash and respiratory symptoms rather than parotid gland inflammation. Thus, the clear association of mumps with parotitis and its defined incubation period make it the correct choice in this context.