What is the mature male gamete that has a head, midpiece, and tail called?

The term for the mature male gamete that has a head, midpiece, and tail is spermatozoon. A spermatozoon is specifically the differentiated form of the male gamete that is motile and capable of fertilizing an ovum. The structure of a spermatozoon is essential for its function; the head contains the genetic material, the midpiece is packed with mitochondria that provide the energy needed for movement, and the tail, or flagellum, is responsible for propulsion through the female reproductive tract.

Understanding the anatomy and function of the spermatozoon is fundamental in reproductive biology as it plays a crucial role in the process of fertilization. The other terms listed refer to different reproductive components: an ovum is the female gamete, a spermatid is an immature male gamete that has not yet fully developed into a spermatozoon, and an embryo refers to the early stage of development following fertilization. Each of these plays a different role in reproduction, but only the spermatozoon directly represents the mature gamete in males.