What is cystic fibrosis?

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder characterized primarily by the production of thick and sticky mucus that can cause significant problems in various organs, particularly the lungs and the digestive system. This condition arises from mutations in the CFTR gene, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of salt and water movement across cell membranes. As a result, individuals with cystic fibrosis tend to develop severe respiratory issues since the mucus clogs the airways, leading to infections, inflammation, and difficulty breathing. Additionally, the digestive system is affected because the thick mucus can block the pancreatic ducts, hindering the absorption of nutrients, which may lead to malnutrition.

The other choices do not accurately describe cystic fibrosis. A genetic disorder affecting the heart would pertain to different conditions, while an autoimmune disease involves the immune system attacking the body's tissues, which does not align with the nature of cystic fibrosis. Lastly, cystic fibrosis is not a type of cancer, as cancer typically involves uncontrolled cell growth, which is distinct from the genetic and physiological processes involved in cystic fibrosis.