In terms of anatomical positioning, the metatarsals are located proximally to which bones?

The correct choice is the phalanges because in anatomical terms, "proximal" refers to a position closer to the center of the body or point of attachment. The metatarsals are the long bones in the foot that connect to the phalanges, which are the bones of the toes. Thus, the metatarsals are positioned closer to the body compared to the phalanges, making them proximal to these toe bones.

In contrast, while tarsals are located behind the metatarsals and are essential for foot structure, they are not distal to the metatarsals but rather share an anatomical connection where the two sets of bones work together. The calcaneus, being the heel bone, is considered part of the tarsal group and serves more as a foundation for the metatarsals rather than being proximally closer. Lastly, the femur is a thigh bone located in a completely different segment of the body and does not have a direct proximal relationship with the metatarsals in terms of lower limb anatomy.